High Frequency Electro-Magnetic Radiation
Exposure values, measurements, biological effects.
MicroWatts/m2 NanoWatts/ cm2 Volt/m Standards, Measurements, and Health Effects
10,000,000 1,000,000 61 German limit (2000 MHz, e.g. 3G network
9,000,000 900,000 58 German limit (1800 MHz, e.g. GSM network)
4,500,000 450,000 42 German limit (other digital networks)
850,000 85,000 18 exposure at head when using mobile phone
440,000 44,000 13 exposure 30 cm from cordless phone (DECT)
240,000 24,000 10 Opening of blood/brain barrier and neuron damage in rats
160,000 16,000 7.7 50 cm from cordless phone, 15 cm from notebook wlan card
132,940 13,294 7.1 60 cm from mobile phone in bus
100,000 10,000 6.1 Swiss limit (GSM)
Russia and China (total HF exposure)
Changes in brain hippocampus (Belokrinitsky 1982)
Increased number of micro-nuclei (DNA anomaly, Garaj-Vrhovac 1999)
71,400 7,140 5.2 1.3 m from mobile phone in bus
50,000 5,000 4.3 3 m from mobile phone
Diminishing effect on nervous system activity (Dumansky 1974)
45,000 4,500 4.1 Swiss limit (other microwave networks)
40,000 4,000 3.8 delayed visual responses in children, lowered memory functions (Chiang 1989)
20,000 2,000 2.7 Russia, former limit
Impact on ion channels in cells (D'Inzeo 1988)
13,300 1,330 2.2 3.3 m from mobile phone (EM Institute 2003)
Doubling of leukaemia rate in adults (Dolk 1997)
11,000 1,100 2.1 Cordless phone at 1.5 m
4,000 400 1.2 Notebook at 35 cm
2,500 250 0.97 Exposure next to wireless access point at work
2,000 200 0.86 Doubling of leukaemia rate in children ( Hocking 1996)
1,600 160 0.77 Cordless phone at 5 m
Infertility in mice after 5 generations (Magras and Xenos 1997)
Motoric, attention and memory disturbances in children (Kolodynsky 1996)
1,000 100 0.61 Salzburg Proposal for safe value (1998, for GSM)
Change in EEG pattern (v. Klitzing 1994)
Immune system irritation ( Bruvere 1998)
800 80 0.55 Impact on calcium ion exchange in cells (Schwartz 1990)
above 420 above 42 abv 0.4 Chromosome breakage in cow erythrocytes increased six times
200 20 0.27 Significantly increased cancer risk in children (Selvin 1992)
10 1 0.061 Salzburg Proposal for safe value (2002, GSM, outdoors)
4 0.4 0.038 Significant reduction in sleep quality (Altpeter 1996, Abelin 1998)
1 0.1 0.02 Salzburg Proposal for safe value (2002, GSM, indoors)
0.1 0.01 0.0061 Salzburg Proposal for safe value (Cordless DECT phones, indoors)
0.001 0.0001 0.00061 GSM mobiles are fully functional at this level !
